Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov:
1)Pavlov wanted to measure how much dogs salivated by giving them food and gave them the sound of a bell before food came. One day he noticed that dogs had started salivating as soon as he rang the bell.
2)He made a small curjucal procedure on some dog's cheeks and inserted tubes to measure their salivation. Then he put a small wall between him and the dog and gave them food through an opening door. He measured the salivation the dogs produced when they saw the food. He rang a bell before food would come and then gave it to them. He noticed that after a few times of doing this, the dogs anticipated the food as soon as the bell rang, and started to salivate as soon as they heard it. He called this classical conditioning.
3) Conditioned stimulus: to ring the bell before dogs ate their food.
Unconditioned stimulus: the dogs associated the food with the bell.
Conditioned response: the dogs salivated when they heard the bell.
4) its when the conditioned result gradually goes away when the stimulus stops being introduced.
5) its when the stimulus changes to another so one starts to perform the actions they had been conditioned to react to the old stimulus, when they are introduced to the new one.
6) it means to learn to distinguish two stimuli and respond to the one you are conditioned to.
7) the surgery was complicated and risky so it is very difficult to reconstruct, and it was only performed on one specific breed on dogs so it could not work with other breeds or animals.
8) he said that one can learn a certain behavior or act a certain way when they are introduced to a stimulus that indicates us to act a certain way.

John B. Watson:
1) He used a baby called Little Albert. He introduced him to a white rat, to see if he was fearful of it but he reacted in a good way. Then he showed him the rat again but he hit a metal sheet behind the baby to create a fear of the rat associated to the sound. Then, the baby associated the fear to anything furry or that looked like the rat.
2) conditioned stimulus: to create a fear of a white rat
unconditioned stimulus: to hit the metal sheet behind him
conditioned response: the fear to anything furry
3) the experiment is considered unethical therefore it cannot be repeated, and it was conducted only on one child, not on many different people. Also Little Albert was taken out of the experiment before it was completed.
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