Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov:
1)Pavlov wanted to measure how much dogs salivated by giving them food and gave them the sound of a bell before food came. One day he noticed that dogs had started salivating as soon as he rang the bell.
2)He made a small curjucal procedure on some dog's cheeks and inserted tubes to measure their salivation. Then he put a small wall between him and the dog and gave them food through an opening door. He measured the salivation the dogs produced when they saw the food. He rang a bell before food would come and then gave it to them. He noticed that after a few times of doing this, the dogs anticipated the food as soon as the bell rang, and started to salivate as soon as they heard it. He called this classical conditioning.
3) Conditioned stimulus: to ring the bell before dogs ate their food.
Unconditioned stimulus: the dogs associated the food with the bell.
Conditioned response: the dogs salivated when they heard the bell.
4) its when the conditioned result gradually goes away when the stimulus stops being introduced.
5) its when the stimulus changes to another so one starts to perform the actions they had been conditioned to react to the old stimulus, when they are introduced to the new one.
6) it means to learn to distinguish two stimuli and respond to the one you are conditioned to.
7) the surgery was complicated and risky so it is very difficult to reconstruct, and it was only performed on one specific breed on dogs so it could not work with other breeds or animals.
8) he said that one can learn a certain behavior or act a certain way when they are introduced to a stimulus that indicates us to act a certain way.

John B. Watson:
1) He used a baby called Little Albert. He introduced him to a white rat, to see if he was fearful of it but he reacted in a good way. Then he showed him the rat again but he hit a metal sheet behind the baby to create a fear of the rat associated to the sound. Then, the baby associated the fear to anything furry or that looked like the rat.
2) conditioned stimulus: to create a fear of a white rat
unconditioned stimulus: to hit the metal sheet behind him
conditioned response: the fear to anything furry
3) the experiment is considered unethical therefore it cannot be repeated, and it was conducted only on one child, not on many different people. Also Little Albert was taken out of the experiment before it was completed.
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come, stop you're crying..it'll be allright.

A research abstract presented in San Antonio, Texas, at SLEEP 2010 on June 9,2010, stated that students that slept more during the day were more proable to have, and presented more symtoms of depression. Most of these students were seniors in high school. They only slept 6 hours when they needed more to be able to maintain alertness thrughout the day. This lack of sleep also affects memory and concentration. I think these are interesting facts because one would never imagine that something as common as lack of sleep could trigger a condition such as depression. It really makes people think over their sleep time and convinces teens that sleep really is important and no one should take it for granted. It also says that sleeping during day time or in classes is not good for your grades AND your mind.

Stop!..Have a time.

A country-wide school district in Kansas made a survey for its students and found out that delays in school starting times decreased the rates of teen car acidents. There were mny other studies as such, and they all concluded the same, with a one hour delay in school starting time.This happens because teens are not falling asleep while they are on the road, instead they are wide awake and alert ad they pay more attention to cars passing and the movement of others around them. I think ths study is very important because many car accidents have been reported to happen when the driver is not completely awake. Teens stay up late studying for tests and doing homeworks and mostly in college or senior year they drive themselves to school in the morning still worried about their tests and having a sleepless night, so it's important to know what this deprivation of sleep can cause.

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. "Starting High School One Hour Later May Reduce Teen Traffic Accidents." ScienceDaily, 17 December 2008. Web. 9 November 2010. <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2008/12/081215074351.htm>.

Later start times in school = more sleep = better grades

This study took place in Norwalk Hospital's Sleep Disorder Center, leaded by Zaw W. Hwte. First they averaged the hours of sleep that students recieved on normal school days, and it turned out to be 422 minutes, which was increased 33 minutes when school start time was delayed 40 minutes. The study proved that more time of sleep can influence the quality of the student

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. "High School Students With A Delayed School Start Time Sleep Longer, Report Less Daytime Sleepiness." ScienceDaily, 11 June 2008. Web. 3 November 2010. <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2008/06/080609071202.htm>.